The visit of two senior Asia officials to China this
week is being hailed as the beginning of a mending of what the State Department
has called "a
rough patch" in U.S.-China relations. But for those
inside the Obama administration, the past weeks' events have put on display a fascinating internal struggle in Beijing about how to deal with the United States.
Deputy Secretary of State James Steinberg (right) and National Security Council Asia Director Jeffrey Bader went to China primarily
to persuade Beijing to cooperate on new
sanctions against Iran. The meetings come just after the
recent spats over new U.S. arms sales to Taiwan and Obama's meeting
with the Dalai Lama.
The administration worked hard to minimize the
impact of those two events, and sees the Chinese response as about what was
expected, two officials told The Cable.
Some military-to-military relations were canceled while others, like the
visit of the USS
Nimitz to Hong Kong, were allowed to go on as planned. The Steinberg trip
itself was supposed to happen in early February but was postponed as a sort of
protest -- and now China is welcoming Steinberg only weeks later.
One senior administration Asia official said that
Chinese behavior in the wake of the two diplomatic spats showed a mounting struggle
between hard-liners with increased confidence and more friendly but weakened actors
within the Chinese Communist Party.
"The Chinese Foreign Ministry has lost confidence in how to respond and seems
to be fighting a rearguard action against those who want a tougher approach,"
the official said. "There are many inside the Chinese system with an
increasingly hard-line view, saying ‘It's our time,' while another group is
saying about the U.S., ‘Don't count these guys out, we still need them for a
while.'"
The Chinese government's responses to the Taiwan
arms sales and the Dalai Lama visit came in waves, suggesting that the initial
calculation was to be muted and careful, but then Beijing felt compelled to
respond to domestic criticisms, including by its vast and growing online
community, and take a stronger stance, the official explained.
Another administration official close to the issue
said that one could see the Chinese bureaucracy churning as it sorted out how
to respond to the Obama team's actions, with hard-liners and moderates arguing
over the best approach.
"Their system is having a hard time right now dealing with all the different
issues on the U.S.-China agenda and there's a certain sense of overload
complicating the process," the official explained. "We're seeing sparks and
bursts as different parts of the system work it through."
For example, the Chinese had threatened to sanction U.S. companies due to
the Taiwan arms sale, but there hasn't been any follow-up thus far. "Was that
just rhetoric or is there another shoe yet to drop?" the official asked. "We
still haven't seen how this fully plays out yet."
Some Asia experts downplay the need to study what's going on inside the Chinese system.
"We're getting to a point where we're treating China like we treated the
Soviet Union. It's the new Kremlinology," said Michael Auslin, resident scholar at the American Enterprise
Institute. "What's important is not the way China comes to its decisions, but
what those decisions are."
China hasn't stepped up to its responsibilities regarding climate change,
currency fairness, cyber security, and human rights, Auslin said. Meanwhile, he
argues the Obama administration's China policy has lacked a clear, overarching
message that could be used to press the Chinese to move farther and faster in maturing
as a world power.
"They're so invested in reading the tea leaves, they don't realize there's
not a lot of tea in the cup," Auslin said.
The administration official said that Obama made the right move by trying to
set U.S.-China relations on a steady path the first year, and in fact China had
shown progress on issues like North Korea, nonproliferation, and clean-energy
technology.
China's transformation would take decades, not years, the official argued.
"It's incremental, it's not satisfactory, but they're moving. Whether they will
get to the other side, nobody knows."
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