Monday, January 11, 2010 - 4:53 PM
As the United States widens its understanding of the terrorism threat to include countries like Yemen and Somalia, its neighbor across the Gulf of Aden, the State Department inspector general's office is warning about another potential breeding ground for insurgents: Nigeria.
Of course, the underwear bomber Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab hailed from there, but his case is seen as an aberration because he grew up in the most advantageous of circumstances. But according to a new report made public Monday, Nigeria is at risk of becoming the same type of breeding ground for violent extremism that America is now battling in so many other places around the globe.
"Government neglect is provoking disaffection that, if left unchecked, could lead to the growth of insurgency or even terrorism," the report states. "Increased desertification in the North and a growing population mean increased competition for already scant land and water resources. In the South, where unemployment among youths is widespread, vandalism against infrastructure such as pipelines is almost a way of life. Newly armed groups of youths readily join in the sabotage activities and kidnappings, upping the stakes for control of the energy resources of this area. Nigeria is also haunted by ethnic and political conflicts that have erupted in violence on multiple occasions in recent years. Despite all these issues, Nigeria is crucial as a U.S. partner and regional leader."
The U.S. mission in Nigeria faces severe problems, the report also notes. Despite being funded to the tune of half a billion dollars, it doesn't have the budget to meet program requirements, the housing for State Department staff in Nigeria is dilapidated, and there is a lot of trouble staffing up the diplomatic mission there properly, the IG found.
Now, not all Foreign Service assignments are created equal. So it may come as no surprise that the U.S. Embassy in Nigeria is not considered a plush posting, and morale there, especially in the consular section, is a challenge.
The result is that both in the embassy in Abuja (where the underwear bomber's father visited) and the consulate in Lagos are staffed with relatively junior personnel who aren't working in their specialties they were trained for.
"Despite a robust package of incentives, staffing Lagos and Abuja is hard, with many officers in stretch assignments, working out-of-cone, on excursion tours, or on directed first assignments. These staffing woes, an operating budget that lags behind program funding, and aging facilities in Lagos reduce the efficiency of diplomatic operations," the report states.
To add to the challenge, the task of issuing visas in Nigeria is also unique. Anyone who has opened an email from a purported Nigerian businessman seeking help with a bank deposit understands.
As the report puts it,
"Sophisticated patterns of fraud have an impact on protecting visa and passport integrity."
UPDATE: Several readers write in to point out that another problem is the fact that Nigeria's president Umaru Yar’Adua has been missing for over six weeks!
FAILED STATES A HAVEN FOR TERRORISM - SURPRISE?
It does not take a great leap of logic to develop a list of potential havens for terrorists. Take any place that has a ineffective or autocratic government, or better yet a theocracy that feeds its people really old-time religion instead of adequate food, clothing and shelter, mix in crushing poverty, a lack of education, a deteriorating environmental situation, inter-tribal conflicts or civil wars, the easy availability of more weaponry and ammunition than food, overpopulation - especially of young men who have no talent except for war - disenfranchised women, and a lack of economic opportunity, and you have a breeding ground. First it was Afghanistan, then Pakistan, now Yemen and Somalia, tomorrow it will be Nigeria, Uganda, Algeria, Tunisia --- you name the location. (You will notice the omission of Iraq - not really quite as failed a state as the others when we invaded and occupied it; we got involved there for reasons only GW Bush and his administration know. And there is evidence that al Quaeda was not there, until US troops arrived.)
What is important is how the developed world, and especially the US deals with the situation it faces in the world. We can continue to send our military to fight in one country after another, but it is certain that those who wish us harm will simply move from one failed (or failing) state to another, ahead of us. We will run out of troops and the money to finance these fruitless foreign adventures long before they run out of places to operate from.
The notion that we can defend ourselves for the long term from the on-going efforts of those who wish us harm is nothing more than a convenient basis for taking away more of our freedoms under the guise of protecting us. It is inevitable that the terrorists will continue to try to strike at us. Without massive armies, air forces, or navies, without missiles or nuclear weaponry, they have done more damage within our borders than any nation we have faced in our history. In his cave in Pakistan, OBL is still laughing his turban off at the immense damage he has done to our society, all for the cost of a few dozen willing 'soldiers'. The terrorists will continue to try, and anyone who believes we can stop every terrorist plot is not paying attention at all.
An alternative would be to isolate those countries and leaders who give havens to terrorists, until and unless they begin to reform their governments and their societies to eliminate the conditions that are conducive to the terroroists operating there. That would include withdrawing aid to the potentates who are not going to use the money except to line their own Swiss bank accounts, or pay for the militias to defend their corrupt power. It would also include cooperation with other nations and better diplomacy to encourage the growth of functioning representative goverments that actually try to better the conditions in which their people have to live. Otherwise, we can continue to spend ourseveles into oblivion, if we want to believe that our shrinking military, walls at our borders, electronic gadgetry and vast sums of borrowed money can ever truly protect us from these adversaries.
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